Who was Alice Heine after marrying Duc de Richelieu?

After marrying Duc de Richelieu, Alice Heine became a duchess. The title of duchess is associated with nobility, often indicating a high-ranking female noble. Duc de Richelieu, a title that carries significant prestige and history, elevates Alice's status upon their marriage.

Alice Heine, originally from a wealthy American family, married the Duc de Richelieu in 1896. This union not only reflected a blend of American and European aristocracy but also positioned her within the social elite of France, as being a duchess afforded her access to the highest levels of French society. This title is historically significant in the context of European nobility and highlights her social standing as an influential figure in Parisian high society during her time.

Other choices do not apply to her status following the marriage. While queens, empresses, and baronesses hold distinct noble titles, they describe different ranks and roles within aristocracy. Thus, the title of duchess is the most fitting and historically accurate designation for Alice Heine after her marriage to the Duc de Richelieu.